Consumer behaviour in Cambodia Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Consumer behaviour in Cambodia - Dissertation Example This section will comprise the justification and description of the research methods that are to be put into practise in order to determine the consuming behaviour in Cambodia. The methods that will be adopted have been explained in detail so that a suitable pathway can be determined. The chapter will shed light on the research design, the methods and the philosophical approaches of the study. The chapter then proceeds to highlight the sampling method and the sample size of the study. The target population or the intended participants who will be approached will be also highlighted. In addition, this chapter will also emphasize on the process of data collection and how the collected data will be analysed in the subsequent section. Lastly, the study will state the ethical issues associated with the study and the limitation of the study. 3.2 Research Philosophy It is necessary for a researcher to make certain assumptions regarding the nature of reality which is to be studies (Daniel, 2 010). Apart from that, assumptions are also made about the knowledge produced and the research perspective. Figure 1 The figure above summarizes the approaches that can be used by the researchers in a research study. The approaches have been summarized in the form of epistemology, ontology, theory, perspective, techniques and methods. Each of these different approaches entails to a different way of performing the research. In general there are two research philosophies namely interpretivists and positivist (Blaxter, Hughes and Tight, 2006; Guba and Lincoln, 2005). Positivism is a philosophy of research which is based on the view that sociology must use the natural methods (Tobin and Joseph, 2006). However, that does not mean only use of experiments as there are several problems associated with experiments. The biggest one comes in the form of ethical violations. The researcher who believes in positivist philosophy believes that research works must be conducted with the help of quant itative methods. They principally aim to measure the social structures (Mehrens and Lehmann, 1987). On the other hand, interpretivists or anti positivists takes the other way round. According to their point of view, human being perceives and reflects on that basis and scientific studies are not appropriate for the study of society. They also believe that unlike objectives human being has the ability to alter their behaviour. Hence, the inference is that in order to understand the social action, it is necessary to understand the meaning and reason people perceive about the environment around them (Abbott, 2010; Connaway and Powell, 2010; Gordon, 2007; Snieder and Larner, 2009; Wilson, 2010). Another important finding of the study is that researchers who follows interpretivism philosophy believes that social research must be conducted with the help of qualitative method (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009; Browne, 2006). This study seeks to investigate the consumer behaviour pattern of Cambodia and hence it clearly

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Psychology - Essay Example Although we as humans, are taught to learn and think for ourselves various factors exist, which tend to influence our independent thinking and coerce us to follow the more socially acceptable norms. This paper discusses the various popular experiments conducted during that era, and deduces, based on the observations, whether human beings are naturally built to submit to authority and comply with the rules laid down for them, or is it a case of exception rather than the norm. Finally, it concludes that human beings do have a tendency to be intrinsically motivated to conform to authority and to obey authority. Conformity refers to the transformation in behaviour or attitudes of people triggered by the need / desire to pursue the beliefs or standards set by others. It entails following the group ideologies, by totally ignoring or disregarding personal opinions. Obedience on the other hand, merely implies obeying the instructions / orders. These two concepts can be studied or explained i n a better manner by way of various experiments carried out by researchers such as Asch, Milgram, Zimbardo and the likes (Andersen, Taylor, 2007). According to a study conducted by Asch, (1951): a group of individuals were involved in an experiment to study the issues related to ‘conformity’ and the manner in which individuals behave / react in a given situation. The basic objective of the experiment was to observe the reactions of the participants and substantiate the hypotheses developed by the researchers with regard to ‘conformity’. However, for the purpose of this experiment the participants were mislead into believing that they were being involved in a study on ‘visual perception’ and kept the true purpose of the experiment, a secret. They were seated in a room along with a few stooges (i.e. individuals who were part of the team of the researchers conducting the experiment) who were made to pose as participants. The participants were show n lines on a screen and were asked to point out which one out of the three was of the same length as the target line. However, their responses were manipulated by the three stooges, who deliberately made mistakes by providing wrong answers. The purpose behind such an experiment was to measure the number of times the participants were influenced in their decisions / answers, by the responses of the stooges (Andersen, Taylor, 2007; Weiten, 2008). The method used by Asch seems quite artificial in its approach as it lacks validity. This is because the participants are required to conform when a correct answer actually exists. Disagreements do occur in everyday lives when there are hardly any right or wrong answers hence this approach seems highly illogical and invalid. Furthermore the results derived from the same may not be consistent in the long run, which is evident from the subsequent experiments conducted by British researchers Perrin and Spencer (Cox, 2002). It is also argued that Asch’s experiments were conducted at a time when the nation was exposed to an external environment which generated high levels of

Compare and Contrast Antigone and Creon from the play 'Antigone' by Essay

Compare and Contrast Antigone and Creon from the play 'Antigone' by Jean Anouilh - Essay Example Thus Antigone is mainly a play about the perennial human conflict between the thirst for expression and the wrath of the state for defying submission. Although the story of Antigone is part of the Oedipus legend on the curse on the house of Labdacus, like all true literature it transforms itself into our own story, our own curse. The character of Antigone reminds one of Emerson's famous dictum: Trust thyself. Every heart vibrates to that iron spring. Or, more appropriately: To be great is to be misunderstood. She is a sensible, resolute character. Her resolve is her strongest muscle. The decision to bury her brother is not born out of contemplation or debate, but out of sheer self-knowledge that the burial shall be done come what may. The entire play revolves around this fatal decision and how each of the characters respond to it also reveals their own philosophy of life. Antigone's iron will is contrasted with the submissive nature of Ismene, her sister. While Ismene is all obedience to the state and wants to lead a normal life, Antigone is always doubtful of dreadful normalcy. She admires her sister both for her complacency and compliance. She is even jealous of her womanly features that make Ismene fell men. May be it is the combination of fragility and resilience that defines Antigone as a woman of all t imes. Audiences have likened her to Joan of Arc, as another figure of French Resistance. She, like Joan, is alone in her fight against state power. The mix of politics, relationships, morality and religion brings a sense of poignant pathos to her mission. The character of Antigone comes out best in her confrontation with King Creon. This is not a battle of a subject with its ruler. It is a battle of wits between the resourcefulness of a woman and the mediocrity of the state. Creon advises her to be obedient because she too happens to be the daughter of a king. He persuades her to marry, have children and lead a good life. Creon uses several strategies to dissuade Antigone from disobedience. Antigone's arguments born on the premise that she was conceived to love and not to hate disarms the king. Her act of defiance - the burial of her brother who has been declared the enemy of the state - invites punishment of live entombment. She accepts penalty with the same smile that she had when she buried her brother. When her lover too joins her in the tomb she is neither hopeful nor ecstatic. Antigone is the very opposite of the melodramatic heroine. Her death and its aftermath teach us more than any history of proper conduct. King Creon is Antigone's uncle. His main concern is the rule of the state. He does not understand the power of intellectual resistance. There are several instances in the play when he confesses the drudgery of administration and laments how heavily the throne sits on him. There are also streaks of compassion in the king. His pleadings with Antigone and the instinctual shock on hearing the death of his son and the queen are all proofs of the human traits lying dormant in the poor ruler. But the tragedy is that Creon considers his kingship above all and

Business data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business data analysis - Essay Example They try to elaborate the rate at which the stock values are found to be varying over time. Seasonal variations Seasonal variations have very important implications for the policies which define the functioning of a company. Rise and fall in stock prices often classify the boom and recessive periods of a company respectively. When stock prices rise, the companies generally are found to increase their employee wages and hire more employees as the production rises. They are generally predicted through figuring out the differences between the predicted trend line and the actual observations, for each individual period. Averaging over the differences throughout an entire year leads to the calculation of seasonal variations for each month in any year (Hargreaves, 1994, p. 154). Stock prices for Deutsche Bank are estimated to be reaching a peak during the fourth month of every year while it faces a recession during the tenth month of every year. Hence, the company might be regarded to be u ndergoing a period of boom during the second quarter of every year and a depression during the fourth quarter. However, when these seasonal variation statistics are compared with the actual monthly differences in the trend calculations and actual observations, the readings were found to be much different. The following graph depicts the comparative readings of differences between actual and trend observations. ... On the other hand, recession is actually experienced during the beginning of second quarter as against the seasonal variations calculated. However, it is not repeated for each and every year, as is found for the year 2002. In the year 2002, the actual seasonal variations are found to be coinciding with the calculated ones even though the readings do not match each other. The only factor which seems to correspond with each other is the direction of trend. If actual stock price values are being counted for, as the diagram alongside depicts, it would show that the correspondence between actual trend and estimated one is rarely found for the span of 10 years. In fact, the diagram suggests the absence of any hard-core seasonal fluctuation as such. The actual detrended line indicates the period between 2002 and 2004 as well as that between 2009 and 2010 to be under recession while that between 2006 and 2008 to be a period of boom. On the other hand, seasonal variation statistics show that regular cycle of booms and recessions are found to characterise every year. However, a point to be taken a note of in this regard is that even when the company, i.e., Deutsche Bank undergoes a whole period of boom or recession as such, there exists small fluctuations during the same. Hence, predictions about seasonal variations are likely to match during some years. Even when a company is experiencing a period of boom or recession, there could be ups and downs in business which symbolise seasonal variations, which actually is a short run phenomenon. However, there might also be another reason behind the lack of compatibility between the estimated trends and the actual adjusted closing price of the stocks of Deutsche Bank. As the diagram produced

Music 1920-1980 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Music 1920-1980 - Essay Example e main changes in music and understanding why it altered through each time frame also builds deeper knowledge about the evolution of music and how it changes because of the external environment and philosophies from individual artists. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main ways in which the music of the 1920s – 1980s changed and transformed. Specifically, there will be a relation to the alterations in popular music and how this changed because of the external environment and the internal philosophies of music. The objectives of this paper will enhance this with: The main objectives are defined by creating a deeper understanding and analysis of music between the 1920s and 1980s while discovering how it evolved between time frames. This will enhance the overall understanding of how music has changed between time frames and what the main factors are with this change. Music that began to emerge in the 1920s differed from what was known in the past, specifically because of alterations which were being made in society. The social influences began to change first with the social changes between generations that began in the 1920s. The first change was based on social groups that began to arise, all which identified with music, fashion and popular culture as a way of creating a sense of identity. Jazz, blues and other forms of music were an example of how this arose. Many considered this the music of the African – Americans during this time and created a different sense of preferences with those in the group. The music was able to create a sense of identity because of the struggles which it identified as belonging specifically to those who were a part of the group. This was combined with attitudes, actions and other concepts which followed, all which were based on similar social influences which were a part of the generations and the social st igma of the time (Smith, 43). The concepts that were associated with social groups were furthered as

Network Design for non-adjacent Floors Assignment

Network Design for non-adjacent Floors - Assignment Example Each department is in the connection to a central switch on that floor before connecting to the router in the field level. The router is in the context of the external wide area network via a firewall. The firewall will be vital in filtering traffic from outside. The information technology department will host the six servers namely: file server, mail server, print server, web server, DHCP server and the DNS servers. The design has a number of security challenges posed by the non-adjacent floors. Employees will be organized according to the four departments namely: Information technology department, sales, accounting, finance, and human resource department. Different departments will be on virtual local area networks to beef up the security of individual unit’s data. The general design will consider factors such as the scalability of the network to accommodate increasing numbers of staff. Further, security and means of recovering from a disaster in case one occurs are of utmos t concern. The greatest challenges in networking non-adjacent levels include cabling between the two floors. To run a cable from the third floor to the fifth floor will either involve running the cable outside the walls or inside the room. It will, therefore, call upon the management to request the tenant on the fourth floor to allow the running of cables through their floor. However, this comes with many challenges. First, the tenant may decline which means that the management may incur more to run the cables outside and ensure that it is secure. Accepting to run the cables through the floor poses a greater challenge. It leaves a vast security loophole. The concerned person may tap directly into our network thus giving them access to our network. Depending on whom they are, the organization's data is at risk of being exposed to third parties who may end up using it for their reasons.  

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior Assignment

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior - Assignment Example A person will be motivated to satisfy needs at the lowest level before focus shifts to needs at the next level. The levels are physiological security, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization needs. An employee, according to the theory, is for example motivated by need for food and shelter but these cease to be motivators once their needs are met. Job security and social ties then becomes motivators as the employee progresses in work (Koontz, 2009). McClelland’s learnt needs theory explains that three needs, that people learn from their environments are motivators. These are need to attain desired objectives, need for interpersonal relations, and need for power. The notion that promotion can grant a person authority and connection with people from a higher circle in a profession may for example motivate an employee into hard work (Lunenburg and Ornstein, 2011). According to the theory, a person is motivated by four factors, singularly or in combination. The factors are drive to acquire, bond, learn, and defend. The drive to bond may for example motivate teamwork for interpersonal relations among team members (White, 2006). Vroom’s expectancy theory establishes a link between goals and means of achieving the goals towards motivation. According to the theory, people realize motivation into objectives if the cost of achieving the objective is justified and if available means to the objective promises success. An employee may for example be motivated into further training towards promotion if necessary resources are worth the promotion and if the training actually promises probability of the targeted promotion (Condrey, 2010). Adam’s equity theory explains motivation from input-output perspective. According to the theory, an individual is motivated if the perceived input in a venture is equivalent to perceived output. This means that a manager is motivated when he is convinced of efficiency in his efforts (Lussier and Achua,