History of Cloning Essay - 2321 Words

History of Cloning Although the word itself has only been around for only four decades, the idea of creating an organism identical to another has been around for centuries. Even nature has utilized this process. The actual process of artificially cloning has been around since before 1900s, even though it is heard of more often in the modern world. Cloning began in 1894 with the first clone of an organism. Hans Dreisch was able to clone a sea urchin, and his research led to Hans Spemann’s multiple attempts and successes of cloning throughout his science years. As technology advanced, Robert Briggs and Thomas King used Spemann’s results to create the process of nuclear transfer used in modern cloning techniques. After many debates over†¦show more content†¦4). This experiment and others disproved Wilhelm Roux and August Weismann’s theory that stated: â€Å"The egg and sperm contribute chromosomes equally to the zygote. The chromosomes are carriers of the hereditary potentials, and the germ cells (gametes) of the embryo are the only ones to carry the complete set of hereditary potentials (nuclear determinants), whereas each somatic (body) cell type contains only part of these potentials required for the specific cell type† (Berardino 2). By separating the cells of a single developing embryo to create two organisms, Dreisch proved that the somatic cell contains all hereditary information. The next successful cloning experiment was conducted in 1902 by German Dr. Hans Spemann on salamander embryos, producing twins. Spemann split the embryo using a strand of hair from his newborn son, and the two resulting cells grew into normal adult salamanders. These salamanders were artificially-created identical twins. He repeated his experiments many times, and created mutant creatures. He concluded that in order to create a normal organism, the cloning process must be completed before what he called â€Å"determination,† or the stage in growth where cells specialize into different cells for different parts of the body. This stage is completed in the early growth of an embryo (Cheng n.p.). However, cloning in mammals remained impossible, due to the fact that mammal eggs are invisible to the naked eye, while amphibianShow MoreRelatedAmazed by Cloning1544 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is an amazing complex thing! In this paper a person will learn some basic cloning informati on, the history of cloning, good and bad things about cloning, human cloning, and bringing back endangered species with the use of cloning. Information includes the processes and some animals that have been cloned. The history includes the different cloning achievements starting with the first artificial twin. The good and bad parts will of course talk about the pros and cons of cloning. 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